unbelted vehicle occupants reach 0

The report also noted that there are a wide range of initiatives . DOT 2007 Acceptability Study, supra, pp. Vehicles with a larger number of rear seats may present visual signal complexities and other challenges. 0000063736 00000 n 0000031853 00000 n and buses with a GVWR of 3,855 kg (8,500 lb) or less and an unloaded weight less than or equal to 2,495 kg (5,500 lb). 34. Rear seats are used in ways that complicate occupant detection. 16, Revision 9 8.4.2.3.1; European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, 3.3.1.1. This information is not part of the official Federal Register document. NHTSA seeks comment on the vehicles to which any proposed rear seat belt warning requirements should apply. 76. With a positive-only system, the driver would need to determine how many rear seat occupants there are and then determine if that number equals the number of seat belts that are reported by the warning system as buckled. b) convicted of reckless driving three times in one year, Florida Traffic School Online (4-Hour BDI) Ex, Earth - why was it created, what's its purpos, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. Webpassenger using both unbelted 5th percentile female and unbelted 50th percentile male dummies in the rigid barrier crash tests at 30-mph. To read the comments on the internet, go to http://www.regulations.gov. See Donna Glassbrenner. Your body reacts to an alarm reaction by releasing _______ into your blood stream: with severe emotional pain, the driver could turn to substance ___ to hide emotional pain. 0000003571 00000 n 0000057729 00000 n [38] [67] We also seek comment on balancing effectiveness with costs, technological feasibility, and acceptability. 04/28/2023, 244 Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [hereinafter DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study], p. 1. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, p. 47. Seat belt non-users are typically categorized as either part-time non-users or so-called hard-core non-users. What are some of the visual clues a defensive driver can use to spot an impaired driver? In this Issue, Documents Under the second option, when the key is turned to the on or start position, the vehicle must provide a visual warning for 4 to 8 seconds (regardless of whether the driver seat belt is fastened) and an audible warning lasting 4 to 8 seconds, if the driver seat belt is not in use. shot of 80 proof whiskey, a 5 oz. Euro NCAP specifies that a change-of-status audible warning must be 30 seconds long in order to receive bonus points. Seat belt latch and webbing spool-out sensors are already used by many manufacturers to comply with the existing driver seat belt requirements. the most extreme example of aggressive driving is called: No passing to the left shall be done when, Both 66. NHTSA also seeks comment on warning systems that utilize occupant detection. 88. Key Findings Fifty-one percent of passenger vehicle . The RFC discussed the agency's research and findings regarding requiring rear seat belt warnings and solicited comments. The ECE regulations allow the rear seat belt warning system to incorporate a short-term and/or a long-term deactivation feature for the audible change-of-status warning. 3. The analysis demonstrated that the presence of an enhanced front seat belt reminder system increased front outboard passenger seat belt use by about 3 to 4 percentage points more than in vehicles with only a driver seat belt warning system meeting the minimum requirements in S7.3.[96]. corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. 0000012899 00000 n 18-20. DOT's guidelines may be accessed at. WebThe National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimates that car seats reduce the risk of fatal injury by 71% for infants (younger than 1 year old) and by 54% for toddlers (1 to 4 years old) in passenger cars. Consumer acceptance of any eventual seat belt warning requirements is an important consideration, given the potential safety benefits of rear seat belt warnings, the history of seat belt warning technologies, and the fact that consumers have not yet had widespread exposure to rear seat belt warnings. This document has been published in the Federal Register. 36, 38. Seat belts are effective in most types of crashes. Based on information submitted to the agency in connection with the agency's NCAP for MY 2018, 99.9 percent of participating vehicle models offered for sale in the U.S. had an enhanced warning (audio and/or visual) for the driver, right front passenger, or both, with a duration exceeding the FMVSS No. You may review DOT's complete Privacy Act Statement in the Federal Register published on April 11, 2000, (Volume 65, Number 70; Pages 19477-78) or you may visit http://www.dot.gov/privacy.html. Explain your views as clearly as possible, avoiding the use of profanity or personal threats. We also seek comment on ways to propose performance requirements that provide manufacturers with the flexibility to design a warning system that is appropriate for each vehicle type. [16] WebSingle-vehicle crashes represent the largest percentage of both unbelted KA and KABCO crashes; however, single-vehicle is over-represented in unbelted KA crashes (51.0 [47] Foldable or stowable seats in the second row are not as prominent in minivans. 208 for compliance testing of low-risk deployment and suppression air bag systems? NHTSA seeks comment on specifications that would maximize effectiveness while still being acceptable to the public, as well as the potential for intrusive warnings to lead to driver distraction. Euro NCAP and Start Printed Page 51086the revised ECE regulations do not have such specifications. Are there situations when the warning at a low speed would result in an unnecessary or unwanted warning, and how frequently would such situations occur? b) accurate observation. An occupant detection system in the rear seat may have difficulty detecting a child restraint system. that have the potential to raise and/or sustain safety belt use rates. The report went on to identify several such initiatives, which it classified as either behavioral or vehicle-based. Register documents. It recommended that rear seat belt warning systems be developed and that NHTSA undertake a broad, multi-year program of research on the effectiveness and acceptability of different seat belt warning systems to establish a basis for future regulation. 16, Revision 9 8.4.4.2. Many in the child passenger safety community refer to the child restraint anchorage system as the LATCH system, an abbreviation of the phrase Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children. The term was developed by a group of manufacturers and retailers for use in educating consumers on the availability and use of the anchorage system and for marketing purposes. For example, NHTSA might provide recognition through NCAP for vehicles equipped with a rear seat belt warning system. 30111, to submit a report to Congress describing the reasons for not prescribing such a standard. 208 is intended to reduce the likelihood of occupant deaths and the likelihood and severity of occupant injuries in crashes. WebFor the optimization with the unbelted driver, only the 0 condition was used as a constraint in the optimization. FALSE 11. European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, 3.3.2. [69] 57. Issues on Which NHTSA Seeks Information From the Public, A. The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act of 2012 (MAP-21) directs the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to initiate a rulemaking proceeding to amend Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. Based on the agency's New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) Buying a Safer Car data, about 13 percent of model year (MY) 2019 vehicles sold in the United States came equipped with a rear seat belt warning system. [31] Prior to the enactment of MAP-21, the agency could not require the audible warning to operate for more than 8 seconds. For systems without occupant Start Printed Page 51080detection, the visual signal must clearly indicate to the driver which seat belts are in use and not in use. documents in the last year, 422 The audible signal for the front occupants has two stages, an initial and final audible signal, which have different onset criteria. Prior to 1974, NHTSA had promulgated a series of occupant protection regulations that, at various times, specified as compliance options various combinations of active and passive occupant crash protection, seat belt interlocks, and seat belt warnings. 97. (The results of this study, which involved a consumer phone survey and was completed in 2015, are discussed later in this document.). European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, Version 8.0.2, November 2017. 5. Paul Schroeder & Melanie Wilbur. Executive Orders 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review) and 13563 (Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review) require agencies to regulate in the most cost-effective manner, to make a reasoned determination that the benefits of the intended regulation justify its costs, and to develop regulations that impose the least burden on society. Additionally, Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 require agencies to provide a meaningful opportunity for public participation. The study covered several states in different parts of the country. Initiatives to Address Safety Belt Use, available at www.regulations.gov (docket NHTSA-2003-14621). Document page views are updated periodically throughout the day and are cumulative counts for this document. See also Buckling Up: Technologies to Increase Seat Belt Use. We seek comment on these concerns, as well as other concerns. The OFR/GPO partnership is committed to presenting accurate and reliable Should NHTSA propose one or more of these systems as requirements or compliance options? 208 is this statutory limitation. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 9. [27] 0000016204 00000 n [42] 0000108954 00000 n See Figure 1. 208 to require a seat belt warning system for rear seats on passenger cars and multipurpose passenger vehicles (MPVs) with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 4,536 kilograms (10,000 pounds) or less. At the same time, such vehicles could be at least as likely, if not more likely, to have rear occupants. In it, we seek comment on a variety of issues related to a requirement for a rear seat belt warning system, including potential requirements for such systems, the vehicles to which they should apply, their effectiveness, the likely consumer acceptance, and the associated costs and benefits. NHTSA's research suggests that audible warnings in conjunction with visual warnings are generally more effective than text or icons alone, but are also more intrusive. Paul Schroeder & Melanie Wilbur. Should it also depend on the recipient of the warning (for example, driver versus rear passenger)? We are aware that implementing a visual warning may require physical redesign of the instrument panel. The visual warning must indicate any seating position in which the seat belt is unfastened, so as to allow the driver to identify any unbelted occupants while facing forward in the driver's seat. 6. Transportation Research Board Study, p. 9. The President of the United States manages the operations of the Executive branch of Government through Executive orders. were 84. See, e.g., Interpretation Letter from NHTSA to R. Lucki (July 24, 1985) (Thus, the intent was to require a warning system for only the driver's position.), available at http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/search.htm. 208 does not require this. 47. To test whether an air bag system either suppresses or properly deploys the front outboard passenger air bag in the presence of a child or small-stature individual, NHTSA tests the air bag system with a variety of different dummies. ECE Regulation No. Would the warning be distinguishable from other alerts that are provided to the driver? The synergistic affect is _________ with each combination, each time and each person. WebIn 2020, 607 child passengers* ages 12 and younger were killed in motor vehicle crashes in the United States, 1 and more than 63,000 were injured. documents in the last year, 83 The second level warning consists of a visual and audible signal activated for at least 30 seconds, not counting periods in which the warning may stop for up to 3 seconds. Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System. Should the warning be standardized, and would this increase the likelihood that consumers would notice, recognize, and respond to the warnings? Id. Indicate which specific rule(s) led to your conclusion. In 2005, Congress passed legislationthe Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU)[37] Please see the Privacy Act discussion below. documents in the last year, by the Food Safety and Inspection Service However, many of the technologies discussed in this ANPRM are currently in use, either for front seat passengers or, in more limited models, rear seat passengers. Special Report 278 at 18, Committee for the Safety Belt Technology Study, Transportation Research Board of The National Academies (2003) [hereinafter Transportation Research Board Study]. NHTSA also seeks comment on the results of the 2015 survey, including whether and to what extent, selection bias might influence the results. Occupant detection might present technological challenges, but would probably not be necessary for a positive-only warning system. In order to earn bonus points, Euro NCAP requires the system to activate the change of status warning immediately at vehicle speeds over 25 km/h. Three times the speed will have nine times the force of impact. First, it repeals the statutory provision that prohibited NHTSA from requiring or specifying as a compliance option an audible seat belt warning lasting longer than 8 seconds. Rear seat warning systems that employ occupant detection have potential advantages over systems that do not utilize it. This could be addressed by utilizing seat belt buckle and spool-out sensors and deactivating the warning only if the webbing were spooled out more than a predetermined length. 81. ), the Secretary of Transportation is responsible for prescribing motor vehicle safety standards that are practicable, meet the need for motor vehicle safety, and are stated in objective terms. The TRB report (published in 2004) found that new seat belt use technologies could increase belt use without being overly intrusive. 0000023448 00000 n Document Drafting Handbook Web(SHSP) is to reach zero fatalities. The results of NHTSA's research are discussed in more detail in Section VI.A and VI.C-D. Euro NCAP introduced SBRS bonus points in 2002. B.) 90. The petitioners further asserted that rear seat belt warnings are technologically feasible and would be less costly if they were required in all vehicles. What is now the second option (S7.3(a)(2)) became effective in 1974 and has remained unchanged since then. [49] The occupant is repositioned to a location within the air bag deployment path just prior to deployment by a pre-impact or at-impact event. You may Start Printed Page 51077send mail to these officials at: The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590. 16[17] of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UNECE) that will require seat belt reminder systems in all front and rear seats on new cars beginning in September 2019. The second study used an experimental or focus-group-based approach to study consumer acceptance as well as effectiveness. According to data from NHTSA's National Occupant Protection Use Survey, from 2006 to 2017, seat belt use was consistently lower in rear seats than in front seats, with the lowest difference of 6.2 percent in 2007 and the highest difference of 15.6 percent in 2006.

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