which of the following is not true of sunspots

Select only one. B) corona A "star" appears to become periodically dimmer for a few hours at, b. E) helium, energy, and neutrinos. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. E) It joins with a nearby neutron to form a proton. C) electromagnetic force A) three days ago. then ANSWER: Correct Chapter 11 Question 22 Part A Which of the following denotes the divisions of the geologic time scale in correct order of decreasing lengths of time . The troposphere holds more than ________ percent of the atmospheric mass. The solar thermostat is analogous to the thermostat at home: it works to maintain a constant temperature. It occurs in large amounts in the atmosphere relative to other gases, such as nitrogen and oxygen. D) 11 years ago. How gravity behaves at the densest part of the Sun c. Why the outer layers of the Sun are hotter than the surface d. Why sunspots often appear and disappear in pairs e. Why solar activity seems to follow a cycle by theoretical models of the Sun. A) The chromosphere is the source of ultraviolet light, and the corona is the source of X rays. Together, these two factors lead to sunspots appearing darker than the rest of the Sun. C) hotter and denser than the surface. Approximately how many neutrinos pass through your body each second? an irregular cycle averaging about 11 years, but sometimes, c. D Sunspots can form individually and can come in clusters of multiple sunspots. d. Laura miraba a Elin con amor. Sunspots are cooler than the surrounding region of the Sun's surface. 3,200 km (1,988 mi) above the Earth's surface. a subjective determination of temperature. C) attract each other. C) Our understanding of fusion in the Sun suggested that neutrinos should be destroyed before they arrive at Earth, yet neutrinos were being detected. A) The rate at which fusion occurs would increase, leading to a contraction of the core, which would in turn cause the temperature to rise even further. D D) The rate at which fusion occurs would decrease, leading to an expansion of the core, which would in turn cause the temperature to drop back down. Suppose that, for some unknown reason, the core of the Sun suddenly became hotter. a gas shell, the atmosphere of a red giant star, slowly expanding. they can produce flares and prominencesc. an What is the typical length of time between sunspot minimums and sunspot maximum; that is, what is the typical length of the "sunspot cycle"? New resources and matter are being added to Earth's systems all the time. less mass than the four hydrogen atoms, because the energy, produced They gradually shrink to the size of the Earth. a mixture of gases that behaves like single gas. ________ is used in a barometer because ________. D) reabsorbed as molecular hydrogen. D) join together to form a deuterium nucleus. An air mass initially reflects the, As the Earth is a much cooler body than the sun, the Earth emits: A. ultraviolet radiation B. short-wave infrared radiation C. long-wave radiation D. visible light radiation, Select the correct map type or mapping method for the above map? A) As the Sun was forming, nuclear fusion reactions in the shrinking clouds of gas slowly became stronger and stronger, until the Sun reached its current luminosity. Sunspots are caused by groups of unbalanced magnetic fields on the suns surface. B) several hundred thousand years ago. Therefore, scientists predict that neutrinos should come from the Sun if fusion is occurring in its core. and C If an electric hair dryer uses 2,400 J of" energy in 2 s, what is its power? The CFC molecules react with ultraviolet light to release fluorine which then destroys ozone. D. Air pressure at sea level is approximately 1013.2 mb. the same mass as the four hydrogen atoms, because any product has, d. has a charge of +2. the outflow of neutrinos from the interior, c. You will then enter this convective layer, feeling regions of hot plasma rising upward to meet you and seeing cooler gas descending from the surface. A) 70% hydrogen, 28% helium, 2% other elements E) converting gravitational potential energy into electricity. C) because they move at nearly the speed of light Every second, the Sun converts about 600 million tons of hydrogen into 596 million tons of helium. sunspots are surface disturbances caused by magnetic storms. During the cycle, the amount of activity in the sunspot region increases and decreases. when hot stars are on the main sequence. D) The Sun's gas is on fire like flames from wood or coal, and these flames emit visible light. Furthermore, the magnetic fields associated with sunspots have the ability to absorb light, providing the dark spots with an even further reduction in contrast. Once a year c. Every 2 years d. Every 11 years e. Every 10,000 years 4. 33. What is the evidence for the heliocentric model (sun is the center of the solar system) and evidence why the Geocentric model (the universe revolves around the earth) is wrong? nitric acid and sulfuric acid, formed from nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide. an earthbound technique not used in modern satellites. A) helium, gamma rays, and neutrinos. Two of the protons are converted into neutrinos. Circle the correct indirect object pronoun to complete the sentence. B) core, convection zone, radiation zone, corona, chromosphere, photosphere which of the following is not true of sunspots? B) This process would power the Sun for only about 25 million years, but geologists already had evidence the Earth was much older than that. A repairman climbs the pole. The Sun generates energy primarily by nuclear fission. D) a large change in the amount of visible light emitted by the Sun B. E) both C and D, Studies of solar vibrations have revealed that a. D) the Sun is roughly the same color as blood. b) Determine how many trucks will be required to complete the job. Daylength is longest on the summer solstice and is shortest on the winter solstice, D Which of the following best describes where other forms of light are released? A dam is used to hold back a river. a. composition, origin, evolution. They appear dark because they are cooler than other parts of the Sun's surface. D) Energy is produced in the convection zone by nuclear fusion. from a hot white dwarf, the core of the red giant. D) The Sun becomes much brighter. A) the Sun vibrates only on the surface. D) areas in the corona that allow us to see through to the photosphere ________ refers to changes in daylength and the Sun's altitude over the course of the year. d. They change size b. B) the strong wind that blows sunspots around on the surface of the Sun E) The sunspot cycle is the cause of global warming. They usually appear in groups in pairs, or in clusters called active regions, and can last anywhere from days to months. B. ionization energy is the amount of energy used to add an electron to an atom. Which of the following is not true of sunspots? d. B) When a star contracts in size, gravitational potential energy is converted to thermal energy. It is held up by gas pressure due to the very high temperature, b. The Sun's rate of fusion is gradually increasing over time. 1.A. A) Solar flares create neutrinos with magnetic fields. B) They are extremely rare. B) Sunspots are brighter than the rest of the Sun's surface. Its. a somewhat irregular but always present cycle of build-up and, d. gases in the convective zone. B) With each subsequent peak in the number of sunspots, the magnetic polarity of the Sun is the reverse of the previous peak. cycle generates sufficient energy to stop the collapse. After passing through this layer, you will reach the radiation zone, where photons are engaged in a random dance as they are continuously absorbed and re-emitted by the hot gas there. produces the auroras. When is/was gravitational contraction an important energy generation mechanism for the Sun? A) nuclear fission. What was the major drawback of this idea? 10. Solar activity causes the responses in the near-Earth space environment that produce changes in the radiation belts, so an understanding of how the Sun changes is directly relevant to space weather. D) there is less fusion occurring there. c. As the core contracts, it heats up and the core returns to its normal operating temperature. B) Fission reactions in the Sun have ceased. B E) 4 H 1 He + energy. The notion that ozone is being depleted as a result of human activity has little scientific evidence to support it. Which of the following is true of chlorofluorocarbons? What happens to the missing matter? B) 100% hydrogen and helium Sunspots are the phenomena that occur in the photosphere of the sun that looks like dark spot than the rest of the sun's surface. These cooler temperatures are caused by strong magnetic fields that inhibit convection, or heat transfer, between the sunspot and the surrounding area. It extends through the troposphere into the stratosphere. E. The circle of illumination passes through both poles. The Sun continued to contract until the core became hot enough to sustain nuclear fusion. E) molecular hydrogen. D) trillions of degrees. B) It is physically impossible to generate heat simply by making a star shrink in size. B) a slight gravitational contraction of the Sun unevenly mixed gases that act independently. The Sun's average surface (photosphere) temperature is about 1). aims to reduce and eliminate all ozone depleting substances. is considered beneficial because of the production of O3. E) a million years ago. The training program for muscular endurance should not resemble the activity. The spectral type of a star can be used to determine its colour. While the atmosphere exerts pressure, it is a negligible amount. A) We can probe the interior of the Sun by studying the vibrations in its photosphere. Laboratory experiments and theory show that fusion produces neutrinos. C) We do not know how to detect electron neutrinos. diagram to shift slowly, 20. E. All radio signals pass through this region virtually unaffected. A) an imbalance in the operation of the solar thermostat c) Determine how many gallons of water will need to be added to each truck. B C) They are all strongly influenced by magnetic fields on the Sun. D) a few hundred thousand years ago. A car travelling at 60km/hr undergoes uniform acceleration at a rate of 2m/s until it's reach velocity of 120km/hr. C About six times as many neutrinos are observed than expected from, c. How do we know what is going on in the center of the Sun so well if we cannot see it or send spacecraft to it? E) none of the above. They move along with the Suns active region and can measure up to 50,000 miles across. Sunspots appear and disappear in a cycle that lasts approxi- mately 15 years. Melt from the subducting plate rises to the surface, erupts through the . produced *b. and A) The Sun becomes less efficient and must increase the rate of fusion to produce the same amount of energy. The helium produced from the fusion of hydrogen has less mass than the hydrogen that goes into its formation. Expert Answer. E) about 150 million kilometers (the size of an astronomical unit). the greater the stellar mass, the less the luminosity. The spectral class of the star Enif is K2 while that of the Sun is, G2. the difference in amount of incoming shortwave and outgoing longwave radiation. b. A mi padre y a m (nos-te) importan los actores de Hollywood. C) It has played a role throughout the Sun's history, but it was most important right after nuclear fusion began in the Sun's core. which of the following is not true of sunspots? A) They all have about the same temperature. convective motion of gases in the upper portion of the Sun's, 24. Space scientists study these to see how they perturb Earth's magnetic fields and affect satellites circling around Earth, but . By what process does the Sun generate energy? The statement that is TRUE is: E) The number of solar flares peaks about every 11 years. The light radiated from the Sun's surface reaches Earth in about 8 minutes, but the energy of that light was released by fusion in the solar core about Finally, we can test our knowledge of nuclear physics and the fusion process in the core using observations of solar neutrinos. *b. Which of the following observations would NOT be an indication of a, a. to force it to move in an orbit. C. The tropopause serves as a buffer against the pressure exerted by the atmosphere. A) Fusion gradually decreases the number of independent particles in the core, allowing gravity to compress and heat the core, which in turn increases the fusion rate and the Sun's luminosity. D. They are surface disturbances caused by magnetic storms. Sunspots typically occur in groups, with individual sunspots ranging in size from roughly 16 miles to over 80,000 miles across. A For example, by detecting solar neutrinos we can learn more about the fusion that is going on within the Sun's core. Sunspots are dark spots that appear on the surface of the sun and typically live for days to weeks. First you will feel the light pressure of particles from the solar wind. During solar maximum, the number of sunspots visible on the surface of the sun can be dozens or more. When we say that the Sun is a ball of plasma, we mean that of energy generation within its core in which gravitational, collapse For observers in the Northern Hemisphere, which of the following is true? a. they can be several times larger than earthb. C) 1,000 K. two zones that absorb radiation from the Sun. A distinct class of gases, particles, and other substances that the EPA has deemed worthy of regulating. The lifetimes of stars are too long to measure, so it is not. Select one: The spectral type of a star can be used to determine its surface temperature. B) The Sun's mass is about 30 times the mass of Earth. Which of the following is true of the Sun's electromagnetic spectrum? A) Nuclear fusion in the Sun's core produces visible light photons. Which of the following statements is NOT true for sunspots? The reaction of automobile exhaust and ultraviolet light Once a month b. D) 50 billion years. A) The chromosphere is best observed with infrared telescopes and the corona is best observed with ultraviolet telescopes. Which of the following regarding atmospheric pressure is true? more sunspots indicate increased solar radiation. They move across the Sun c. They are permanent d. They are caused by magnetic activity e. They vary in size 3. Sunspots can last anywhere from a few hours to several months. The surface of the Sun is a very busy place. Which of the following best describes air pollution? By what process do nuclear power plants on the Earth generate energy? The polarity of the sunspots also changes at this time. in the rarified space between galaxies. B D They occur in regions of lower-than-average magnetic fields. D) No one knows: this is the essence of the "solar neutrino problem.". B) The rate at which fusion occurs would increase, leading to an expansion of the core, which would in turn cause the temperature to drop back down. Hint 1. is affecting the stratospheric ozone concentration. D. It decreases to 1/2 its original magnitude. 30 seconds. Hundreds of lakes are incapable of supporting life due to high acidity. The magnetic fields underlying sunspots are believed to be generated by the suns rotation, which causes a dynamo effect and creates the intense magnetic fields. b. C) The hydrogen gas in the Sun is balanced so that it never rises upward or falls downward. A. E) attract one another. mostly carbon dioxide and water vapor. True or false: The amount of solar activity (like sunspots) varies between maximum and minimum. E) The Sun is generating energy other than by nuclear fusion. C) chromosphere A) regions on the photosphere where magnetic lines poke through, creating the cooler areas of the sunspots finally Main sequence stars White dwarfs Red dwarfs Red giant stars Sun-like stars QUESTION 31 Which of the following statements about sunspots is NOT true? Sunspots can vary in size from just a few hundred to over 100,000 kilometers across. a. sufficient to halt the collapse. 3. Which of the following is characterized by the longest wavelengths, 12. surface disturbance on the Sun's surface caused by magnetic storms is called a(n). A) chemical reactions C) Convection releases neutrinos, which random walk through the radiation zone. 26. A) The Sun generates energy by fusing small nuclei into larger ones, while our power plants generate energy by the fission (splitting) of large nuclei. A. system and radically alter the evolution and behavior of the, a. A) Experimental evidence indicates that the problem is solved and the expected number of solar neutrinos are indeed being produced by the Sun. composition, temperature, and function. Earth and the Sun formed specifically from, The photochemical reactions responsible for photochemical smog produce. D) orange The neutrinos are about twice as energetic on average than is. (A), Based on temperature, the atmosphere is divided into. B (B), Which of the following is not a reason for the seasons? C from a disk-shaped nebula of dust and gas rotating around a relatively. Sunspots are more important to global warming than GHGs There is more methane in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide Arctic Greening will absorb most of the carbon we emit to the atmosphere Greenhouse gases are by far the largest contributor to modern global warming Volcanic explosions can cool Earth's climate for hundreds of. Because of the electromagnetic force, the two protons will B) Earth's upper atmosphere tends to expand during solar maximum, exerting drag on satellites in low orbits. A) Fusion reactions in the Sun ceased a few hundred thousand years ago. C) The Sun's entire magnetic field flip-flops at the end of each cycle (at solar minimum). C Sunspots can be up to 12 times larger than Earth. While the quality of observations was good, consistent observation was lacking. A) solar neutrinos c. At the center of the Sun, nuclear fusion converts hydrogen into D) Neutrinos have a tendency to pass through just about anything without interactions, making them very difficult to detect. (b) Find the frequency of the photon absorbed in the J = 1 to J = 2 transition. aims to reduce and eliminate all ozone depleting substances. After observing the Earth's weather patterns and the 11-year sunspot cycle of the Sun for 36 years, scientists have found that high levels of sunspot activity precede shifts in wind patterns that affect the Earth's weather. E) The electron neutrinos created in the Sun change into another type of neutrino that we do not detect. A) the bubbling pattern on the photosphere produced by the underlying convection Acid deposition is deposition that measures more than 7.0 on a pH scale. A) 4 billion years D) 6 H 1 He + energy. which of the following is not true of sunspots? D) Individual protons are joined into long chains of protons. Magnetic fields on the sun are produced by the sun's uneven rotation and. sunspots are brighter than the rest of the sun's surface. Suppose you put two protons near each other. B) ejected into space by solar flares. They are cooler than the surrounding photosphere of the Sun. They can spawn eruptive disturbances such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Which of the following processes is involved in the sunspot cycle? What is the only force that can overcome the repulsion between two positively charged nuclei to bind them into an atomic nucleus? D) They are thick clouds on the sun, blocking its light. What proportion of climate scientists has concluded that humans are the primary driver of today's climate warming? A) nuclear fission. C) No one understands how it can be possible for neutrinos to be produced in the Sun. does not work beyond the silicon fusion cycle that produces, *a. B) It predicted that the Sun would shrink noticeably as we watched it, and the Sun appears to be stable in size. A Which approach gives a more accurate estimate of. C) the Sun generates energy by nuclear fusion. B) The visible light comes from energy level transitions as electrons in the Sun's hydrogen atoms jump between level 1 and level 2. Re-insert What is a small mass of tissue that is made up of Purkinje fibers, ganglion cells, and nerve fibers, that is embedded in the musculature of the right atrium, and that originates the impulses stimulating the heartbeat? Inside the Sun, this process begins with protons (which is simply a lone hydrogen nucleus) and through a series of steps, these protons fuse together and are turned into helium.So all A,B,C are produced in nuclear fusion in the sun. The main cause of sunspots is the suns magnetic field. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. B) by observing the sizes of sunspots: Bigger sunspots mean a stronger field This is because large magnetic fields are concentrated in these areas, inhibiting convection and cooling the surface. D) The Sun always has the same amount of mass, creating the same gravitational force. B) gravitational contraction. Why, then, does it require four protons. Describe some of the early theories for why the Sun shines and why they are no longer accepted as viable. A Natural precipitation typically falls between pH 7.5 and 8.0. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about sunspots? a contracting spherical cloud of gas surrounding a newly formed, *d. two zones that absorb radiation from the Sun. Convection, or the movement of gas or liquid caused by heat transfer, is not a cause of sunspots, but is instead impeded by the strong magnetic fields that cause sunspots. The "star" appears to wiggle in its path across our sky against, *d. D) only by using sophisticated computer models, because there are no observational ways of measuring magnetic field strength. a. A) 4 tons 1,000 km (621 mi) above the Earth's surface. Which of the following is true regarding acid deposition? B) areas of the corona where magnetic field lines project into space, allowing charged particles to escape the Sun, becoming part of the solar wind *b. The pressure from high-energy photons and neutrinos at the very, high composition, temperature, and function. How is the sunspot cycle directly relevant to us here on Earth? B) The Sun's magnetic field, which plays a major role in the sunspot cycle, affects compass needles that we use on Earth. Because of a combination of thin, icy clouds and Antarctic wind patterns which trap chlorine freed from CFCs. E Sunspots can produce flares and prominences. Question 17. d. when surface temperatures are lower than warmer overlying air. 2. A) Theoretical models predict that neutrinos should be produced in the Sun, but no neutrinos have ever been observed to be coming from the Sun. Magnetism is caused by attraction when two items are brought together or repulsion when two objects are moved apart. Earth represents an open system in terms of energy. B) The chromosphere is the source of infrared light, and the corona is the source of ultraviolet light. Which of the following is the phase of matter in the Sun? *a. Which of the following best explains why the Sun's luminosity gradually rises over billions of years? C c. B) Higher temperature would cause the rate of nuclear fusion to rise, which would increase the internal pressure, causing the core to expand and cool until the fusion rate returned to normal. Solar neutrinos coming from the Sun have been detected, but in fewer numbers than predicted by theoretical models. they are surface disturbances caused by magnetic storms A c. they are brighter than the rest of the sun's surface 10 Q All of this additional energy can cause an increase in solar activity, including more frequent and powerful solar storms. D) We are seeing hot gas rising and cool gas falling due to the convection that occurs beneath the surface. The overall fusion reaction by which the Sun currently produces energy is *c. 32. is The chromosphere is the layer of the Sun that we see as its visible surface. Which of the following is correct regarding day length? Sunspots are cooler than the surrounding solar surface because *c. D Based on function, the atmosphere has QUESTION 30 According to the lastest survey estimates, which of the following classes of stars makes up about 8% of all the stars in the universe? The interior of the Sun is under such high pressure that it is a, 31. C) 8 minutes ago. D) It quickly meets an ordinary electron, forming an electron-positron pair that remains stable. A) More sunspots indicate increased solar radiation. D) repel each other. D) 4 million tons C) They are regions nearly devoid of gas. C) The churning is an illusion created by varying radiation, as the gas on the Sun's surface is actually quite still. B. Chlorine freed from CFCs only remain in the atmosphere for several days, on average. Iron nuclei are so large that they occupy all remaining space and, c. C. It is critically important in regulating the temperature of the planet. Sunspots are temporary dark spots that appear on the surface of the Sun. C) The radiation produced by fusion reactions that is trapped in the core gradually raises the temperature, increasing the rate of fusion. Question there were no dark energy, the expansion of the universe would be: constant accelerating decelerating .

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