alpha abnormal covid lab results

& McGoogan, J. M. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in china: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention. Network analyses of symptom nodes. This facilitates the extraction of infection-related symptoms, which are not explicitly listed in structured forms. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. A web-based platform was established to upload anonymous symptoms data to generate and reproduce network analysis based on own or other cohorts17. Correspondence to Nature. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Symptoms being highly similar were summarized to one medical concept. Effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus infection on peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subsets. One example is the hormone that is a sign of pregnancy. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The COVID-19 antibody test is not used to diagnose a current infection with COVID-19. Or you can have Long VS, Ngiam JN, Chew N, Tham SM, Lim ZY, Li T, Cen S, Annadurai JK, Thant SM, Tambyah PA, Santosa A, Teo WZY, Yap ES, Cross GB, Sia CH. How to Understand Your Lab Results - MedlinePlus By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. Persistent symptoms and lab abnormalities in patients who recovered from COVID-19, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91270-8. Journal of Medical Virology [Internet]. The overall Level classification is a composite of the maturity based on these individual criteria. #CBurbank, CA 91504P: (818) 729-0927F: (818) 729-0961info@alphaclinicallab.com. Persistent symptoms and lab abnormalities in patients who recovered from COVID-19. A recently published study provided evidence of increased mortality in COVID-19 patients during 6month after recovery from disease. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. All Rights Reserved | Terms & Conditions | Privacy Policy, Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing Research, Clinical and Translational Science Center, Human Subjects Research - IRB Administration, Center for Professional Practice of Nursing, Center for Simulation and Education Enhancement, Graduate Medical Education Residencies and Fellowships, Research Education and Career Development, All UC Davis Health Staff Job Opportunities, School of Medicine Residency and Fellowship Programs, COVID-19 vaccines in the Emergency Department for unhoused patients. a temporary increase in your ATT level from an infection, stress, pregnancy, or the Calvao-Schneider et al. 2023 American College of Emergency Physicians. Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Mnster, lbert-Schweitzer-Campus 1/Gebude A11, 48149, Mnster, Germany, Julian Varghese,Sarah Sandmann&Martin Dugas, Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Mnster, Mnster, Germany, Kevin Ochs,Inga-Marie Schrempf,Christopher Frmmel,Hartmut H. Schmidt,Richard Vollenberg&Phil-Robin Tepasse, Institute of Medical Informatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, You can also search for this author in After adjusting for multiple testing for all lab measurements, IgA was the only parameter also among other Immunoglobulinsthat remained significantly different between patients with and without persistent symptoms (see Table 2). x[q+YJ;\YE+KlItPId%'?_UwU7,fI=9;U]P.?}?-||cY_ w~P 7}U2 CY}oC/PDU}-0G#A^:P|}d//z/8tUHCN_\~bBV].c-e=VDj/rU!o.woowWes,w?>+l3'Sni8Nv_ >t lC9 iGraph package. [English Edition]10.1016/j.medcli.2020.05.017 The lower mortality during Omicron variant infections could be explained by variant-specific immune responses or host factors, such as vaccination status. Follow-up day and symptom duration for each patient. Lab values and corresponding reference ranges were queried from the laboratory information system. Alpha Clinical Laboratory, INC In this study, we aimed to identify the medical conditions that may influence lung function impairment at 12 months after SARS-CoV2 infection and to analyze the role of alpha-1 antytripsin (AAT) deficiciency (AATD). Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. JAMA 323(13), 12391242 (2020). |. Comparing to a study by Garrigues et al.23 with a mean of 110.9days, Fatigue and Dyspnea were the most common, followed by Loss of Memory. This is a single center retrospective study in the University Hospital of Mnster in Germany. While a high level of serum IgA and SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA on diagnosis can initially correlate with disease severity32,33, our findings suggest that high levels during or after recovery is associated with a decrease in persistent symptoms. Haematological profile of COVID-19 patients from a centre in Singapore. The disorder can cause liver and lung diseases. Price, Purpose, Results & Range [2022] September 22, 2022 @ 4:00 pm [] Dr Lal Path labs [] Reply. a lack of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein in the blood. Standardized symptom characterization report forms and all free-text elements of discharge letters were added for analyses. As this study only reports on lab-value correlations, further research can complement our findings regarding causality. Authorized assays for viral testing include those that detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid or antigen. Infect. Julian Varghese. Submitted by Riki Merrick on 2022-09-30, This data element was adopted into Draft USCDI v4 under the new data element name, Official Website of The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC), Each submitted Data Element has been evaluated based on the following 4 criteria. Immunol. If your You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. A test result can be: Positive when something is present. Valid for travel. Persistent symptoms and lab abnormalities in patients who - Nature Less severe course of COVID-19 is associated with elevated levels of antibodies against seasonal human coronaviruses OC43 and HKU1 (HCoV OC43, HCoV HKU1). In addition, most work on symptomatology has not studied clusters of co-occurring symptoms in a single patient. Transcriptomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients. Decreased platelet, lymphocyte, haemoglobin, eosinophil, and basophil count, increased neutrophil count . This case describes a scenario in which a patient had abnormal intraoperative oozing in the face of a retrospectively-positive test for SARS-CoV-2, no symptoms of COVID-19 at the time of initial presentation, and acutely abnormal COVID lab results (including abnormal D-Dimer, troponins, lactate dehydrogenase, and C-reactive protein), in the . A test that uses sound waves to find evidence of liver damage. PDF COVID-19 Quick Clinical Guide - Stanford Medicine Would you like email updates of new search results? Liver function tests. Qin, C. et al. A study of 193 symptomatic and 110 asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection found that viral RNA detection lasted a median of 17 to 19 days. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal PDF Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Interpreting SARS-CoV-2 RNA are a carrier, or two damaged genes, which means you have AAT deficiency. Klok FA, Kruip MJHA, van der Meer NJM, et al. Purchase your own health tests. Login. Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19. Moreover, the different follow-up times also lead to different time distances between last day of symptoms and the actual lab-assessment. COVID-19 associated coagulopathy and thromboembolic disease: Commentary on an interim expert guidance. The age range was 1869years, with median of 41years (IQR 3054). More information on hypercoagulability and COVID-19 is available from the American Society of Hematology and NIH: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with COVID-19. 116 patients were included, age range was 1869years (median: 41) with follow-ups ranging from 22 to 102days. Platelet parameters and leukocyte morphology is altered in COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients with similar symptomatology. 2023 Apr 21;16(4):631. doi: 10.3390/ph16040631. Testing for the virus that causes COVID-19 involves taking a mucus sample from your upper respiratory tract. Get trusted, confidential results on everything from general health checks to specific areas like fertility, anemia, diabetes, allergies and more. Further follow-up studies should assess lymphopenia with additional lab analysis to understand the pathogenetic details of lymphocyte-virus interaction. He, Z. et al. PDF Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) Test Result Interpretation in Patient Nat. SARS-CoV-2 induced apoptosis in ACE2-receptor expressing lymphocytes was found as one possible mechanism that could lead to lymphopenia in COVID-1924. In comparison, there were no significant changes regarding total IgG, IgM and all other lab-tests in Table 2. You may have been infected with another virus from the same family of viruses (coronavirus). A procedure that involves taking a tiny sample of your liver to look Critical Values | Labcorp Alnor A, Sandberg MB, Toftanes BE, Vinholt PJ. ACEP // Laboratory Abnormalities One of the main unmet needs for coronavirus disease 2019 is its unpredictable clinical course, which can rapidly change in an irreversible outcome. 4 0 obj The authors declare no competing interests. 11, 827 (2020). J. Med. Cochrane Database Syst. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. passed to protect against discrimination for health insurance based on having a genetic Infect. Sofie Bliddal, Karina Banasik, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen, Adam G. Laing, Anna Lorenc, Adrian C. Hayday, Mahalul Azam, Rina Sulistiana, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Pere Millat-Martinez, Arvind Gharbharan, COnV-ert study group, Maryam A. Y. Al-Nesf, Houari B. Abdesselem, Fares Al-Ejeh, G. Fonseca-Gonzlez, M. Alamilla-Snchez, J. HRCT (high-resolution CT) and densitometry. Your healthcare provider may do a series of tests on the serum in your blood to find Test results may vary depending on your age, gender, health history, and other things. How to Report COVID-19 Laboratory Data | CDC These include bleeding, infection, Hematology. These authors contributed equally: Richard Vollenberg and Phil-Robin Tepasse. Lab test results are expressed in different ways. Analysis of clinical specimens to obtain information about the health of a patient. Shop All Tests. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles The five most frequent onset symptoms were Cough (50%), Anosmia (47%), Fatigue (45%), Fever (42%), Myalgia (28%) and Headache (28%). More detailed X-rays of your lungs and A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. Five of 35 cases (14%) had Lymphopenia in the later follow-up range of 80102days. There is rising evidence of bone marrow damage due to SARS-CoV-2 infection of hematopoietic stem cells27. These cases had results below the lab-specific reference range of 1.263.35109/L (follow-up range: 45-102d, median: 70d). If you are looking for COVID-19 data related to nursing homes, visit the Centers for . 2020 [cited 2020 Nov 18]. Also, Find Lal Path Laboratory Packages, Virtual Reports, And Offers. to find out you have a genetic risk for certain diseases. 1800 Rs. The COVID-19 virus test is not used to test your immunity to COVID-19. Guidance for Health Care Personnel Regarding Exposure, Return to Work Criteria With Exposure, Confirmed or Suspected COVID-19, Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation in the COVID-19 Era, Air Method Guidelines for the Care of Patients With Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19, Health Care Professional Preparedness Checklist For Transport and Arrival of Patients With Confirmed or Possible COVID-19, Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Quick Guide to a Basic Tele-Triage Program, Risk Stratification and Triage in Urgent Care, Characteristics of COVID-19 Variants and Mutants, Evaluation Pathway for Patients with Possible COVID-19, Critical Issues in the Management of Adult Patients Presenting With Community-Acquired Pneumonia, ACEP Offers, Wellness, and Counseling Services, Burnout, Self-Care, and COVID-19 Exposure for First Responders, Managing Patient and Family Distress Associated with COVID-19 in the Prehospital Care Setting, NIH: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with COVID-19, Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study, Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-up. would. This is a type of blood test. Contact a health professional who specializes in advising The road to commercialization for health care and life science technologies is long. A cohort study was conducted on hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Granada (Spain) during the first . A complete blood count-based multivariate model for predicting the recovery of patients with moderate COVID-19: a retrospective study, Acute and persistent symptoms in non-hospitalized PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients, A dynamic COVID-19 immune signature includes associations with poor prognosis, Recurrent SARS-CoV-2 RNA positivity after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Prospective individual patient data meta-analysis of two randomized trials on convalescent plasma for COVID-19 outpatients, Prognostic tools and candidate drugs based on plasma proteomics of patients with severe COVID-19 complications, Impact of plasmapheresis on severe COVID-19, Distinct blood inflammatory biomarker clusters stratify host phenotypes during the middle phase of COVID-19, Hematological features of persons with COVID-19, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.12.20211599, https://sand-imi-uni-muenster.shinyapps.io/CovidSymptomNetwork/, https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188/chapter/Common-symptoms-of-ongoing-symptomatic-COVID-19-and-post-COVID-19-syndrome, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-care/post-covid-conditions.html, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7445491/, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1496/5913451, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Research article network analysis of polymicrobial chronic wound infections in Masanga, Sierra Leone, Long-term comprehensive cardiopulmonary phenotyping of COVID-19, Long-haul COVID: healthcare utilization and medical expenditures 6months post-diagnosis, Pathophysiology of Post-COVID syndromes: a new perspective, Metabolic correlates of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 and Parkinsons disease (PD) do not overlap. Data and Surveillance - Alabama Department of Public Health Disclaimer. result may affect your mental health and your health insurance (although laws were Bookshelf Ouyang SM, Zhu HQ, Xie YN, Zou ZS, Zuo HM, Rao YW, Liu XY, Zhong B, Chen X. BMC Infect Dis. All methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. The purpose of these review is to describe the current state of the art about complete blood count alterations during COVID-19 infection, and to summarize the crucial role of some haematological parameters during the course of the disease. Laboratory abnormalities in severe disease are further described in Table 7.2. Signal Transduct. A categorical assessment of an observation value, often in relation to its clinical context (e.g., high, low, critical high). the chance of a false abnormal result. COVID-19 Testing: What You Need to Know | CDC The patient has since been discharged and is recovering at home. This information can be used to identify areas that require additional work to raise the overall classification level and consideration for inclusion in future versions of USCDI, - Must be represented by a vocabulary standard or an element of a published technical specification, - Used in limited production environments, 1 or 2 different systems, - Demonstrates exchange between 2 or 3 organizations with different EHR/HIT systems, - Used by many, but not most, patients, providers or events requiring its use, Interoperability Standards Advisory (ISA), Sources of Security Standards and Security Patterns, State and Local Public Health Readiness for Interoperability, Unique Device Identifier(s) for a Patients Implantable Device(s), Administrative Transaction Acknowledgements, Enrollment and Disenrollment in a Health Plan, Health Care Eligibility Benefit Inquiry and Response, Health Care Eligibility Benefit Inquiry and Response for Retail Pharmacy Coverage, Administrative Transactions to Financial Exchanges, Electronic Funds Transfer for Payments to Health Care Providers, Health Care Payment and Remittance Advice, Health Plan Premium Payments for Covered Members, Administrative Transactions to Support Clinical Care, Health Care Attachments to Support Claims, Referrals and Authorizations, Referral Certification and Authorization for Pharmacy Transactions, Referral Certification and Authorization Request and Response for Dental, Professional and Institutional Services, Health Care Claims and Coordination of Benefits, Health Care Claim Status Request and Response, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Dental Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Institutional Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Professional Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Retail Pharmacy Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Retail Pharmacy Supplies and Professional Services, Operating Rules to Support Administrative Transactions, Operating Rules for Enrollment and Disenrollment, Operating Rules for Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) and Electronic Remittance Advice (ERA), Operating Rules for Prior Authorization and Referrals, Operating Rules to Support Claim Status Transactions, Operating Rules to Support Electronic Prescribing Transactions, Operating Rules to Support Eligibility Transactions, Appendix I Sources of Security Standards and Security Patterns, Appendix III - Educational and Informational Resources, Understanding Emerging API-Based Standards, Understanding Observations and Observation Values, Appendix IV - State and Local Public Health Readiness for Interoperability, Sending a Notification of a Long-Term Care Patients Admission, Discharge and/or Transfer Status to the Servicing Pharmacy, Sending a Notification of a Patients Admission, Discharge and/or Transfer Status to Other Providers, Sending a Notification of a Patients Encounter to a Record Locator Service, Referral from Acute Care to a Skilled Nursing Facility, Referral to a Specialist - Request, Status Updates, Outcome, Referral to Extra-Clinical Services - Request, Updates, Outcome, Documenting and Sharing Care Plans for a Single Clinical Context, Documenting and Sharing Medication-Related Care Plans by Pharmacists, Documenting Care Plans for Person Centered Services, Domain or Disease-Specific Care Plan Standards, Sharing Patient Care Plans for Multiple Clinical Contexts, Communicate Appropriate Use Criteria with the Order and Charge to the Filling Provider and Billing System for Inclusion on Claims, Provide Access to Appropriate Use Criteria, Clinical Quality Measurement and Reporting, Reporting Aggregate Quality Data for Quality Reporting Initiatives, Reporting Patient-level Quality Data for Quality Reporting Initiatives, Sharing Quality Measure Artifacts for Quality Reporting Initiatives, Establishing the Authenticity, Reliability, and Trustworthiness of Content Between Trading Partners, Exchanging Diet and Nutrition Orders Across the Continuum of Care, Family Health History (Clinical Genomics), Representing Family Health History for Clinical Genomics, Format for Sharing Social Care Services Information, Format for Structuring and Sharing Social Care Directory Information, Format of Medical Imaging Reports for Exchange and Distribution, Format of Radiation Exposure Dose Reports for Exchange and Distribution, Format of Radiology Reports for Exchange and Distribution, Medical Image Formats for Data Exchange and Distribution, Exchange InVitro Diagnostics (IVD) Orders and Results, Transmit Laboratory Directory of Services to Provider System, Medical Device Communication to Other Information Systems/Technologies, Transmitting Patient Vital Signs from Medical Devices to Other Information Systems/Technologies, Clinical Information Systems to Request Context-Specific Clinical Knowledge From Online Resources, Patient Identity/Identification Management, Recording Patient Preferences for Electronic Consent to Access and/or Share their Health Information with Other Care Providers, Allows Pharmacy Benefit Payers to Communicate Formulary and Benefit Information to Prescriber Systems, Allows a Long Term or Post-Acute Care to Request to Send an Additional Supply of Medication, Allows a Pharmacy to Notify a Prescriber of Prescription Fill Status, Allows a Pharmacy to Request Additional Refills, Allows a Pharmacy to Request a Change to a Prescription, Allows a Pharmacy to Request a New Prescription For a New Course of Therapy or to Continue Therapy, Allows a Pharmacy to Request, Respond to or Confirm a Prescription Transfer, Allows a Prescriber or a Pharmacy to Request a Patients Medication History, Allows a Prescriber to Cancel a Prescription, Allows a Prescriber to Communicate Drug Administration Events, Allows a Prescriber to Communicate with a REMS Administrator, Allows a Prescriber to Prescribe Medication Using Weight-Based Dosing, Allows a Prescriber to Recertify the Continued Administration of a Medication Order, Allows a Prescriber to Request a Patients Medication History from a State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP), Allows a Prescriber to Request, Cancel or Appeal Prior Authorization for Medications, Allows a Prescriber to Send a New Prescription to a Pharmacy, Allows a Prescriber to Send a Prescription to a Pharmacy for a Controlled Substance, Allows for Communication of Prescription Information Between Prescribers and Dispensers, Allows for the Exchange of State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) Data, Data Submission for Title X Family Planning Annual Reporting, Electronic Transmission of Reportable Laboratory Results to Public Health Agencies, Exchanging Immunization Data with Immunization Registries, Newborn Screening Results and Birth Defect Reporting to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Antimicrobial Use and Resistance Information to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Birth and Fetal Death to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Cancer Cases to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Death Records to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Syndromic Surveillance to Public Health (Emergency Department, Inpatient, and Urgent Care Settings), Sending Health Care Survey Information to Public Health Agencies, Data Collection for Submission to Registries and Reporting Authorities, Prepopulation of Research Forms from Electronic Health Records, Submission of Clinical Research Data Contained in EHRs and Other Health IT Systems for General Purpose or Preserving Specific FDA Requirements, Submission of Clinical Research Data to FDA to Support Product Marketing Applications, Submit Adverse Event Report from an Electronic Health Record to Drug Safety Regulators, Support a Transition of Care or Referral to Another Health Care Provider, Defining a Globally Unique Device Identifier, Representing Unique Implantable Device Identifiers, An Unsolicited "Push" of Clinical Health Information to a Known Destination and Information System User, An Unsolicited Push of Clinical Health Information to a Known Destination Between Systems, Push Communication of Vital Signs from Medical Devices, Remote Patient Monitoring to Support Chronic Condition Management, Patient Education and Patient Engagement, Providing Patient-Specific Assessments and Recommendations Based on Patient Data for Clinical Decision Support, Retrieval of Contextually Relevant, Patient-Specific Knowledge Resources from Within Clinical Information Systems to Answer Clinical Questions Raised by Patients in the Course of Care, Consumer Access/Exchange of Health Information, Collection and Exchange of Patient-Reported Outcomes, Patient Exchanging Secure Messages with Care Providers, Push Patient-Generated Health Data into Integrated EHR, Remote Patient Authorization and Submission of EHR Data for Research, View, Download and Transmit Data from EHR, Listing of Providers for Access by Potential Exchange Partners, Exchanging Images Outside a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Exchanging Images Within a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Exchanging Patient Identification Within and Between Communities, Transport for Immunization Submission and Query/Response, Data Element Based Query for Clinical Health Information, Query for Documents Outside a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Query for Documents Within a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Finding and Retrieving Human Services Information, Representing Patient Allergies and Intolerances; Environmental Substances, Representing Patient Allergies and Intolerances; Food Substances, Representing Patient Allergies and Intolerances; Medications, Representing Non-Imaging and Non-Laboratory Clinical Tests, Representing Patient Contact Information for Telecommunications, Representing Nutrition Assessment, Diagnosis, Interventions and Monitoring/Evaluation, Representing Health Care Data for Emergency Medical Services, Representing Assessment and Plan of Treatment, Representing Patient Dental Encounter Diagnosis, Representing Patient Medical Encounter Diagnosis, Representing Patient Family Health History, Representing Patient Functional Status and/or Disability, Health Care Providers, Family Members and Other Caregivers, Representing Provider Role in Team Care Settings, Representing Relationship Between Patient and Another Person, Imaging (Diagnostics, Interventions and Procedures), Representing Imaging Diagnostics, Interventions and Procedures, Representing Clinical/Nursing Assessments, Representing Patient Problems for Nursing, Patient Clinical Problem List (i.e., "Conditions"), Representing Patient Clinical Problems (i.e., Conditions), Representing Patient Preferred Language (Presently), Representing Medical Procedures Performed, Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, Representing Hospital/Facility Beds Utilization, Representing Laboratory Operations (Population Laboratory Surveillance), Representing Population-Level Morbidity and Mortality, Representing Data for Biomedical and Health Services Research Purposes, Sex at Birth, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, Representing Patient-Identified Sexual Orientation, Social, Psychological and Behavioral Data, Representing Exposure to Violence (Intimate Partner Violence), Representing Social Connection and Isolation, Representing Patient Electronic Cigarette Use (Vaping), Representing Patient Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Representing Patient Tobacco Use (Smoking Status), Representing Units of Measure (For Use with Numerical References and Values), Representing Job, Usual Work, and Other Work Information, http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=98 LRI: http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=279 FHIR observation in US Core lab observation profile: https://build.fhir.org/ig/HL7/US-Core/Struct, http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=279, https://build.fhir.org/ig/HL7/US-Core/StructureDefinition-us-core-observation-lab.html, https://art-decor.ihe-europe.net/art-decor/decor-templates--XDLAB-?section=templates&id=1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.3.1.6&effectiveDate=2008-08-08T00:00:00&language=en-US, https://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem-v3-ObservationInterpretation.html, THIA Comment on Laboratory: Result Interpretation, CAP Comment on Test Interpretation (Abnormal Flag) Data Element, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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