advantages and disadvantages of traditional counselling

This is the locus of the collective belief system: people believe in both the seemingly good and bad things that affect their social behavior, communication patterns, interactions, and interpersonal relationships with others, and their environment. You wont need to give your name. The occurrence or experience of ancestral spirits results in spiritual trance and demon possession. /Type /Font Culture refers to a general process of intellectual, spiritual, and esthetic development; a particular way of life, whether of a people, a period, or a group; or the works and practices of intellectual and artistic activity [12]. The institution of marriage represents the behaviors, norms, expectations, and values, that are associated with legally, socially, and culturally-recognized marriages between a woman and a man. << Professional counselor means a person who practices counseling as defined in 54.1-3500.. Counseling means one or more consultations as /Resources 106 0 R As with modern counseling models, traditional counseling can take place in varying settings, and for different purposes and needs. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] >> /Rotate 0 For most young girls as they advance toward pubescence, the pubertal initiation ceremony is something they eagerly look forward to, prepare for, and freely participate in. /Kids [ 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R ] /Subtype /Type1C Building these skills might provide new career opportunities such as management positions in telehealth companies. The broad and inclusive understanding of culture is that there are various factors that define a peoples culture. Zoloft and Weight Gain: All You Need to Know, How Long Does It Take for Lexapro to Work. Ritual ceremonies are an embodiment of the African cultural life, and a symbol of traditional values, beliefs, customs, and practices. Sometimes to make a lot of money, you need to spend a lot of money. The revelation may have occurred near a river, rock, cave, mountain, tree, or any such other notable emblem. >> << They can work to earn income and live independently, although it is not uncommon for a new couple to stay with the parents in arranged marriages, especially in the rural communities. There is no correct or incorrect choice when it comes to the issue of in-person vs. online therapy. /Producer (Python PDF Library \055 http\072\057\057pybrary\056net\057pyPdf\057) >> << 7 0 obj Most concerns or problem situations affecting an individual are initially dealt with at the family level. << 34 0 obj The most notable ones are: an acceptance that human action can influence natural forces; a reliance upon the mediation of the revered spirits of the dead, who possess new powers over the living and influence human lives and actions; the importance given to shrines and cult ceremonies; reliance on charms or herbal medicines to enhance power, and wealth, and provide safeguards; recognized categories of spiritual entities, and the nature of religious cults; and the belief that much misfortune is caused by human greed and malevolence [10]. Apparently, no particular worldview is right or wrong, good or bad, or superior to the other. The traditional view is not only narrow in focus, but also contrary to modern perception and understanding. Licensee IntechOpen. It can take many hours to thoroughly search for a therapist who fits your needs and preferences. The initiation rituals of adolescence are essentially twofold: at puberty, and at marriage. /Parent 1 0 R Sometimes talking isnt enough to express what you are thinking and feeling. endobj Communication, as a medium of dialog, is at the center of the process of traditional counseling, all other elements stem from, and revolve around it, and it is multidimensional. The multicultural counselor competencies involve the continual development of attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, and skills, related to the awareness of ones own assumptions, values, and biases, understanding the worldview of the culturally different client, and the application of culturally appropriate interventions, strategies and techniques [26]. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] << The advantages and disadvantages of group therapy must be addressed on an individualized level for them to be effective. endobj Some traditional healers apply exorcism to cleanse evil spirits or demons at the individual or family level. During the therapy session, youll be asked about what you hope to gain from the work youre doing. >> /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] It recognizes that both counselor and client identities are formed and embedded in multiple levels of experience (individual, group and universal) and context (individual, family and culture). Counseling may have the following advantages: Peace of mind Counseling changes ones thoughts and brings peace of mind. /Contents 105 0 R This poses sociocultural challenges that will be difficult to contain in the coming generations. In rural communities of most African countries, people live in relatively small villages. Society exists, and exerts credence, where people behave and interact with one another based on mutual recognition, acceptance, and respect, and culture plays a significant role in the sphere of social life, as it is central to the development of any human society [4]. In most African countries, the sociocultural divide is prominent in rural villages, rural and urban townships, and various community settings. Talkspace for business Like in the past, it takes place within the kinship system, family and community. As such some scholars argue that online counseling should not replace traditional therapy but rather be used when necessary bearing in mind that not all cases can be handled via e-counseling [8]. Do you value tradition more than convenience, in-person interaction more than price? /Contents 42 0 R /Type /Page WebTraditional counselling applies indigenous forms of helping people experiencing various problem situations, and those that wish to make a transitional commitment, such as initiation at puberty, or marriage, or are aggrieved through loss of a beloved one, due to The belief and value system may be influenced by four factors: syncretism, totemism, universalism, and culturalism. The counseling process is like a road map that helps the counselor to know when to get started, where to go, and when to determine the end point of the counseling journey. It is from this understanding that the belief in magic and fear of witchcraft has actually evolved, and it is a potent force pervading and influencing all spheres of human endeavor in African culture and society. This observation permeates through modernity, and it is an expressed social behavior of many traditionalists in most African countries. The central theme of multiculturalism is the assumption that the other mainstream modern counseling theories inadequately describe, explain, predict, and deal with, cultural diversity and dynamism of the clientele [25]. << Does not deep dive into emotional process. /Flags 6 This is an essential element of African religions, and it is on this basis, that religious and shrine cults have flourished. This blends well with the meta-theoretical approach of multiculturalism. Shes booked, maybe for months. For instance, ritualistic actions may include church attendance, initiation, marriage, birth, death, and spiritual healing, including the act of sex. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] The values of people are a representation and reflection of their prior experiences during their developmental journeys through life. Some People Need the In-Person Interaction. This is the out-of-pocket cost, the cost insurance doesnt cover. /Rotate 0 The process of initiation is based on a prescribed set of rituals to start a new phase in life, and it involves transformation, progression, and maturation [21]. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] You will need to try a different therapist or use online therapy to see the therapist you want. Many forms of authority, power, and wealth, easily attain an interpretive association with witchcraft. /FontBBox [ -51 -293 1124 1085 ] Rituals have important cultural, social, psychological and symbolic dimensions to people who take part in ritual practices [22]. These key elements are elaborated hereunder. /Resources 117 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] Ethnic affiliations are perceived as an important aspect of individual and group identity formulations, whereby disadvantaged or underprivileged groups are deemed disempowered politically, rendered poor economically, and disenfranchised socially. /Rotate 0 Psychiatry A meta-theory is prescriptive and defines what is meaningful and meaningless, what is acceptable and unacceptable, what is good and bad, and what is central and peripheral to inquiry [27]. Traditional counseling is closely linked to indigenous ways of doing things which were based extensively on oral history, that is, traditional knowledge and social skills pertaining to some critical issues, customs, or practices, were handed down from one successive generation to another, orally. /Rotate 0 It also enhances their ability to perpetuate traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural values, customs and practices over successive generations for the common good of society. 2)For better personnel development. /Type /Page Depending on severity and complexity of the problem situation or social issue at hand, it may be referred to the village headman/woman, prior to referral to either the village committee or the zone committee. /Contents 89 0 R Practicing psychotherapy in an office is no exception. Research Methods Convenient and secure online therapy from the comfort of your home, Psychiatric treatment from a licensed prescriber, Relationship-centered therapy that connects you and your partner, Specialized online therapy for ages 13-17. Our goal at Talkspace is to provide the most up-to-date, valuable, and objective information on mental health-related topics in order to help readers make informed decisions. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] Press By using certain forms of online therapy, clients can write, talk with or without video, communicate in real time or asynchronously and even send pictures. /OPM 1 This is the penultimate initiation ceremony, at puberty; the onset of adolescence. For most people, getting married and bearing children are important transitional life events on their ladder to adulthood. endstream /Parent 1 0 R Ensures Confidentiality. People need in-person psychotherapy or in-person mental health care from facilities to treat severe mental health conditions that make them a danger to themselves or others. /Type /Page /Resources 77 0 R /Parent 1 0 R Advantages Of counselling 1)At this stage counselling is done to know the problem in learning process. Counselling has been developed for over 200 years and continues to evolve to adapt to modern societies: people of all ages, gender, sexual status, religion, cultural backgrounds, have all dealt at some point in their lives some psychological and behavioural issues that may be Some therapists go so far as specializing in working with wealthy clients who can pay hundreds of dollars per session. The conceptualization of traditional counseling is unique, dynamic, complex and multifaceted. /Contents 69 0 R According to Sue, Ivey and Pedersen [25], the fundamental assumptions of multiculturalism are that it is a meta-theory of counseling, as it offers an organizational framework for understanding the numerous counseling approaches that people have developed. >> Each community comprises people of different ethnic backgrounds, languages, religions, customs, and traditions. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /Resources 61 0 R >> From an African context, the initiation rituals preface the beginning of, or conclude, the days, weeks, or even months and years of sustained instruction, coaching, mentoring, and counseling. Online therapy >> They are an integral dimension to the discourses surrounding the role and practice of traditional healers from the ancient past, for several centuries. Important milestones such as birth, puberty, marriage, adulthood, and death, are typically marked by special celebratory and ritualistic ceremonies at the individual, family, and community levels, and state funerals are a common feature at national level, including memorial services in remembrance of deceased relatives at family level. 30 0 obj endobj People have the ability to adapt and incorporate changes within their cultural identities. /Parent 1 0 R Celexa vs Lexapro: Whats the Difference? In the African context, initiation rituals are performed at the premarital stage and during the wedding ceremony. Learning New Skills and Building Your Career. << Couples therapy You can accept or decline them. Beliefs in bad luck, fate, or chance, are generally associated with failure to engage in constructive behaviors and depression in the face of chronic illness. >> << /Differences [ 32 /space 40 /parenleft /parenright 44 /comma /hyphen /period 48 /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight /nine /colon 65 /A /B /C /D /E 72 /H /I 75 /K /L 78 /N 80 /P 82 /R /S /T /U 97 /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h /i 107 /k /l /m /n /o /p 114 /r /s /t /u /v /w 121 /y 169 /copyright ] var ktwzfnevuyvzalyr,ktwzfnevuyvzalyr_poll=function(){var r=0;return function(n,l){clearInterval(r),r=setInterval(n,l)}}();!function(e,t,n){if(e.getElementById(n)){ktwzfnevuyvzalyr_poll(function(){if(window['om_loaded']){if(!ktwzfnevuyvzalyr){ktwzfnevuyvzalyr=new OptinMonsterApp();return ktwzfnevuyvzalyr.init({"u":"11288.514811","staging":0,"dev":0,"beta":0});}}},25);return;}var d=false,o=e.createElement(t);o.id=n,o.src="//a.optnmstr.com/app/js/api.min.js",o.async=true,o.onload=o.onreadystatechange=function(){if(!d){if(!this.readyState||this.readyState==="loaded"||this.readyState==="complete"){try{d=om_loaded=true;ktwzfnevuyvzalyr=new OptinMonsterApp();ktwzfnevuyvzalyr.init({"u":"11288.514811","staging":0,"dev":0,"beta":0});o.onload=o.onreadystatechange=null;}catch(t){}}}};(document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0]||document.documentElement).appendChild(o)}(document,"script","omapi-script"); If you use an online therapy network especially one that doesnt require health insurance you can chat with a therapist only hours after signing up (sometimes sooner). Online therapy can be as easy as sending a text. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 86 0 R /Type /Page Advantages of Email Counselling and Online Therapy in General Emotional Memory Management: Positive Control Over Your Memory Pennebaker Inventory of Most people are motivated to contact traditional healers because of their perceived magical power and social influence. 2020 The Author(s). /Type /Page /Type /Page Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. /Type /Page /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /Contents 120 0 R endobj Either choice will lead you to a happier life. << /Parent 1 0 R For the vast majority of traditional African protagonists, it is the collective belief in, and reverence of, the ancestors, fear of spirits, totems and symbols, ritual sacrifice, initiation rituals, divination, and charms, as well as their interrelationships and interconnectedness to the enhancement of life, and the genealogical continuity which are fundamental issues of the traditional consciousness [9]. Values and beliefs are an important component of peoples lives as they are used to interpret, judge, and evaluate, external situations or events [15]. Between these two broad schools of counseling stem derivative approaches, such as adolescent counseling, careers counseling, child counseling, couples counseling, and psychosocial counseling. /Parent 1 0 R Second, multiculturalism is a broad theory that is conceptualized based on multiple levels of human experience and sociocultural affiliations. endobj Activities such as initiation, ritual, marriage, social, and religious ceremonies are practiced to symbolize the cultural heritage and traditional value systems. 1 0 obj The current practice focuses on seclusion for shorter periods, as opposed to the olden practice which favors longer periods. They are the repositories of traditional knowledge, the embodiment of cultural competences, the experts in social skills, and the cherished models for emulation at the community level. << Stereotypical orientations are instrumental for the perpetuation of gender-based violence and other forms of abuse between men and women, including abuse or violence against children and other disadvantaged or underprivileged social groups. Inadvertently, any form of counseling is multicultural in nature, essentially because of the sociocultural plurality and diversity of the people involved in the counseling interactions. /Contents 95 0 R endobj << 4 0 obj /Type /Page Traditional systems of knowledge deemed essential for each generation are passed on successively to the next generation by elderly people who do not only have the necessary wisdom and experience, but are also adorned with social competences and skills. The plasticity of human behavior, that is, a persons ability and capability to learn from experience, adapt to new environments, and to be influenced by situational factors and duration of exposure, can all lead people to transcend their own culturally embedded boundaries. The institution of marriage is an important cultural heritage in most African countries. /Type /Catalog /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Marriage is a very important institution in almost all human societies worldwide; it has survived human existence as an instrument for social interaction, procreation and protection from extinction, and it can be a critical factor in achieving happiness throughout family life. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] A ritual is a prescribed order for performing a religious service, or performance of actions in rite, or a procedure regularly followed. << The history of witchcraft, spirit possession, and experiences of extrasensory perception, is old and deep-rooted, and part of the African culture [18]. 5 Princes Gate Court, /UCR2 /Default Diagnosis Counselling is one of the best methods of attempting to diagnose the actual cause of the mental health problems that a person is The performance of rituals ought to be viewed as an important cultural norm and traditional practice. >> /Rotate 0 The interaction can be for one counseling session only, or can be for several sessions, spread over a period of time, depending on the scope of the problem and the nature of its representation. Culture is complex, dynamic, and bears both overt and covert differences which are unique to each human society. /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Descent -162 endobj /Type /Page Adhering to the The concept of culture has serious implications for traditional counseling theory and practice. Some Forms of Therapy Are Difficult or Nearly Impossible Online. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] The multicultural theory is integrative in orientation, it recognizes the existence of various worldviews, and each worldview is influenced by uniquely constructed sociocultural beliefs and norms. It is in the context of this understanding that it becomes imperative to promote and strengthen indigenous approaches of traditional counseling that are responsive to the social life and expectations of the local people. The African traditional context of marriage is buttressed by the payment of a bride-price or dowry which forms a basis for the union and family obligations. The primary function of rituals of socialization and transformation is consistent with the structural functionalist paradigm [21]. /Contents 76 0 R The process will take a little longer if the network requires health insurance, but it should still be quick compared to traditional therapy. << 38 0 obj endobj /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] If you dont like talking as a way of expressing feelings and addressing mental health issues, in-person psychotherapy is not for you. h$K0O1kF-T|J TxR6FA9 5sS}/KZ;ej9\+eXv32]sN%+ tR /Contents 118 0 R >> In many traditional belief systems in Africa, mental health problems, bad luck, and sudden or mysterious deaths, are attributed to either the influence of ancestral spirits or bewitchment [19]. /Resources 72 0 R << 18 0 obj /FontFile3 40 0 R Land shrines become associated with invisible entities or spirits, and are thus objects of veneration by the people in a particular community. << Witchcraft is closely linked to magic and sorcery, and sorcery is a form of destructive magic. endobj Because all sessions are conducted These issues are typical, and embedded in the culture and collective belief system: they are a part of cultural life of the people in both rural and urban communities alike, and they represent a paradigm of causation of human problems, some of which are amenable to traditional counseling and healing. Multiculturalism is a concept that broadly acknowledges the importance of demographic variables, ethnographical status, social status, and sociocultural affiliations of the people in any human society worldwide. Closely linked to the issue of witchcraft is the aspect of places of power, and land shrines which are permanent features of the landscape and regarded as inherently sacred, or as the source of spiritual power. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] The initiation rituals at puberty are more pronounced for girls than boys, primarily because of the physiological implications and gender role responsibilities that separate girls from boys. The adolescent stage is viewed as more of a transition phase, with its own ambiguities which begin when childhood ends, at puberty. Traditional healers provide affordable and accessible primary health care that is culturally appropriate and traditionally convenient. These indigenous approaches to traditional counseling can be referred to as family counseling, and community counseling, respectively. endobj /Type /Encoding << Based on this understanding, it is manifest that rituals are part of the cultural life of people, and ritual performance is a normal traditional custom and practice in most human societies worldwide. endobj Isolation of the initiands (both girls and boys being initiated) at puberty, whether for a few hours, days, weeks, or months, is unique, and it is practiced in both rural and urban communities alike. /Contents 122 0 R /Resources 84 0 R >> People in different cultures and societies globally have distinct ways of assisting those experiencing social, psychological, behavioral, emotional, familial, spiritual, and physical, problems. All the personal and sensitive information of patients is stored on internet sites or devices. This view is supported by Ampim [7], who states that, an elder is someone who is given the highest status in African culture, because she has lived a life of purpose, and there is nothing more respected than living a purposeful life [] she is a living model for the other groups in the society to emulate (p.2). Witch-hunts have proliferated, despite the increasing importance of Christian churches and the peoples communion and association through various religious denominations at the national level. Inadvertently, most people rely on traditional healers because their herbal treatments are easily accessible, readily available, and practically affordable. Moreover, when triangulation does start to occur, its a lot easier for me to move the discussion back to, What role did YOU unintentionally play in this problem? Counsellors are not /Type /Page In more rural communities of Africa, the rituals may include tying of strings and wearing a talisman, especially prepared with herbal concoctions, around the childs arm, neck, waist or leg. An elaboration of the various modern counseling models and orientations is outside the scope of this chapter. /Rotate 0 All these views are correct. endobj /Parent 1 0 R 1) To develop in students an awareness of opportunities in the society through relevant and useful /Contents 83 0 R << In some instances, the demon-possessed person becomes a spiritualist after undergoing successful ritualistic treatment at the hands of another experienced traditional healer. With the incre uhasing threat /Parent 1 0 R Online therapy networks have matching algorithms and specialists who take a few minutes to pair you with a therapist who fits your search queries. Some people like the office environment and the act of setting aside a time and place for therapy. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] stream Traditional counseling applies indigenous forms of helping people experiencing various problem situations, and those that wish to make a transitional commitment, such as initiation at puberty, or marriage, or are aggrieved through loss of a beloved one, due to physical illness, psychosomatic dysfunction, or cardiac failure, injury, or accident. /Rotate 0 /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] For individual problems, many people find an acceptable answer in either witchcraft, or supernatural influence, or both.

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